... that Fanconi Syndrome is a disorder in which the proximal tubular function of the kidney is impaired, resulting in decreased reabsorption of electrolytes and nutrients back into the bloodstream? January 24, 2008 - ...... that the first vaccine for typhus was developed in 1937? January 24, 2008 - ...... that Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones? January 24, 2008 - ...... that mythomania is a condition involving compulsive lying by a person with no obvious motivation? January 20, 2008 - ...... that a jet injector is a type of medical injecting syringe that uses a high-pressure narrow jet of the injection liquid instead of a hypodermic needle to penetrate the epidermis? January 20, 2008 - ...... that an iridectomy is the surgical removal of part of the iris, most frequently performed in the treatment of closed-angle glaucoma and iris melanoma? January 20, 2008 - ...... that the most common cause of acute coronary syndrome is disruption of atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery? January 10, 2008 - January 20... that the polymeal is a diet-based approach to combating heart disease, proposed in December 2004 by Oscar Franco? January 10, 2008 - January 20... that a mammotome is a device that uses a computer-guided probe to perform breast biopsies, and that it can be conducted on an outpatient basis under local anaesthetic? January 10, 2008 - January 20... that lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids? December 18, 2007 - January 10, 2008... that Beck's triad of arterial hypotension, raised jugular venous pressure and muffled heart sounds is pathognomonic of cardiac tamponade? December 18, 2007 - January 10, 2008... that dark chocolate contains the highest antioxidant content of any food? It contains phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium. In addition, dark chocolate can lower blood pressure. July 23, 2007 - January 10, 2008... vinca alkaloids are chemotherapy drugs that inhibit the polymerization of tubulin, whereas taxanes are produced by plants of the genus Taxus that inhibit tubulin depolymerization? May 26, 2007 - December 18, 2007... that Sydenham's chorea (or St. Vitus' dance) is a one of the major criteria in the Jones diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever? May 20, 2007 - December 18, 2007... that rare mistargetting of somatic hypermutation is being investigated as a mechanism in the development of B-cell lymphomas? May 20, 2007 - December 19...that Erdheim-Chester disease or polyostotic sclerosing histiocytosis is a rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that may present with, among other things, bone pain, retroperitoneal fibrosis, diabetes insipidus and exophthalmos? January 8, 2007 - May 20...that over time, essentially every vasectomized man experiences an epididymal blowout, which is the formation of a sperm granuloma in the epididymis, to relieve the high intra-luminal pressures in the delicate epididymal tubules? January 8, 2007 - May 20...that the Rinne test and Weber test are quick screening tests which allow differentiation between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss? October 21, 2006 - January 8, 2007...that in March 2005, a government clinic for Internet addiction was opened at the Beijing Military Region Central Hospital in People's Republic of China? October 21, 2006 - January 8, 2007...that canine transmissible venereal tumor is a tumour of the dog and other canids that mainly affects the external genitalia, and is transmitted from animal to animal during copulation? October 8, 2006 - January 8, 2007...that Count Jacques Rogge, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is by profession an orthopedic surgeon? October 8, 2006 - October 21...that a toddler with a syndrome of rash (pictured), arthralgia/arthritis, abdominal pain and renal disease, preceded by a viral upper respiratory tract infection, is likely to have Henoch-Schönlein purpura? September 28, 2006 - October 21...Empty nose syndrome is caused by excess surgical removal of turbinate tissue, e.g. because of severe chronic congestion, and may severely impact quality of life? September 11, 2006 - October 8...hair transplantation is a surgical baldness treatment? September 9, 2006 - October 8...the general adaptation syndrome was discovered almost accidentally by Hungarian endocrinologist Hans Selye? He was searching for new hormones by injecting mice with organ homogenates, but found they all displayed an acute stress reaction. August 25, 2006 - September 28...the keratolytic effects of over-the-counter salicylic acid are used to treat viral warts? August 16, 2006 - September 11...in 1906, Frederick Hopkins suggested the existence of vitamins and suggests that a lack of vitamins causes scurvy and rickets? He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, and also discovered the amino acid tryptophan in 1901. August 16, 2006 - September 9...Peyer's patches are an example of gut-associated lymphoid tissue? August 16, 2006 - August 25...the brain itself is not sensitive to pain, because it lacks pain-sensitive nerve fibers? Several areas of the head can hurt, including a network of nerves which extends over the scalp and certain nerves in the face, mouth, and throat. August 11, 2006 - August 16...that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may sometimes have an acute onset and develop after an infectious illness, and that this "Post infectious IBS" (IBS-PI) is drawing much clinical investigation? August 4, 2006 - August 11...anyone who falsely claims to be a biomedical scientist in the UK commits an offence and could be fined up to £5000? August 4, 2006 - August 16...the Rules of surgery include "Don't mess with the pancreas", "Don't stand when you can sit, Don't sit when you can lie down, Don't lie down when you can sleep" and "See a donut, eat a donut"? August 4, 2006 - August 16...Hyperkalemia (hyper is high, kalium is the Latin name for potassium) is an elevated blood level (above 5.0 mmol/L) of the electrolyte potassium? Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a medical emergency due to the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias. July 18, 2006 - August 4...infantile pyloric stenosis is a not uncommon pediatric condition where there is a congenital narrowing of the pylorus (the opening at the lower end of the stomach)? Babies with this condition usually present within the first few weeks (usually between 2nd and 3rd) of life with poor feeding, weight loss and progressively worsening vomiting leading ultimately to projectile non-bilious vomiting. July 18, 2006 - August 4...the Cotard delusion (or Cotard's syndrome, le délire de négation) is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that he is dead, does not exist, is putrefying or has lost his blood or internal organs? July 18, 2006 - August 4...the nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to a group of medicines called monoclonal antibodies. This scheme is used for both the World Health Organization’s International Nonproprietary Names and the United States Adopted Names. In general, suffixes are used to identify a class of medicines; all monoclonal antibody pharmaceuticals end with the suffix -mab. However, different infixes are used depending on the structure and function of the medicine. July 10, 2006 - July 18 2006...that the 47,XXY karyotype produces Klinefelter's syndrome, while 45,X causes Turner syndrome? June 26, 2006 - July 18 2006...that during the "Age of Heroic Medicine" (1780-1850), educated professional physicians aggressively practiced "heroic medicine", including bloodletting (venesection), intestinal purging (calomel), vomiting (tartar emetic), profuse sweating (diaphoretics) and blistering? These medical treatments were well-intentioned, and often well-accepted by the medical community, but were actually harmful to the patient. June 23, 2006 - July 18 2006...Thalidomide is a drug that was sold during the late 1950s and 1960s to pregnant women as an antiemetic? It was later found to be teratogenic, causing amelia and phocomelia. However, it is still used for other indications such as for leprosy and multiple myeloma, with close regulation through the System for Thalidomide Education and Prescribing Safety (STEPS) program. June 19, 2006 - July 10, 2006...Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple, cheap, and effective treatment for diarrhea-related dehydration? It is used around the world, but is most important in the Third World, where it saves millions of children from diarrhea—still their leading cause of death. According to The Lancet (1978), ORT is "potentially the most important medical discovery of the 20th century". June 16, 2006 - June 26, 2006...Arsenic was used even in the second half of the 20th century for psoriasis, and was approved in 2000 by the FDA for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia that is resistant to ATRA? June 16, 2006 - June 23, 2006...the term "dengue" is a Spanish attempt at the Swahili phrase "ki denga pepo", meaning "cramp- like seizure caused by an evil spirit"? "Beriberi" on the other hand, originates from the Sinhalese (Sri Lankan) language meaning "I cannot, I cannot". June 6, 2006 - June 20, 2006...erythema infectiosum is the fifth disease of childhood, also known as slapped cheek syndrome, slap face or slapped face? It's caused by parvovirus B19, and usually follows a mild course. June 6, 2006 - June 20, 2006...Reye's syndrome is a potentially fatal disease that causes detrimental effects mainly to the brain and liver? The cause of Reye's syndrome remains